PRACTICE WITH RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise 1. In the following sentences we talk about people. State if the clauses are defining or non-defining.
1. The person who/that prepared that report no longer works for us. defining non-defining
2. Carla Jensen, who prepared that report, no longer works for us. defining non-defining
3. I've spoken to the workers who(m)/that/zero (no pronoun) we are going to lay off. defining non-defining
4. I've spoken to Andrew Green, who(m) we are going to lay off. defining non-defining
5. Andrew Green, with whom I discussed the layoff yesterday, has agreed to leave. defining non-defining
6. The workers with whom I discussed the layoff have agreed to leave. defining non-defining
7. I'd also like to acknowledge a man whose efforts have helped this company over the years. defining non-defining
8. Let's not forget Margaret Davies, whose company had been a regular supplier. defining non-defining
Exercise 2 In the following sentences we talk about things, places, time. State if the clauses are defining or non defining.
1. We have just seen a machine which/that can fill 200 bottles a minute. defining non-defining
2. I'm afraid that the INJ200, which produced reasonable copy quality, has been withdrawn. defining non-defining
3. We are not interested in machines which/that/zero we can't maintain ourselves. defining non-defining
4. We think that the INJ300, which you demonstrated a couple of weeks ago, meets our needs. defining non-defining
5. We cannot deal with companies whose offices/the offices of which are not in the UK. defining non-defining
6. And finally we have the INJ300, whose speed/the speed of which is much higher than the INJ200. defining non-defining
7. We went to a workshop where the whole process is automated. defining non-defining
8. The workshop, where we saw the robot, doesn't have a single operator. defining non-defining
Exercise 3 Below are six extracts from a report on a meeting between the Chief Executive of a chemical company and an environmentalist group. Convert each extract into a single sentence by using a relative clause. The first has been done for you.
1. The Chief Executive looked confident. He spoke for 20 minutes.
The Chief Executive, who looked confident, spoke for 20 minutes.
2. He said the environment was everyone's responsibility. It is key issue.
3. Lock Ville is now a beauty spot. There used, to be a chemical plant there.
4. We made mistakes in the past. We knew less than we know now.
5. The captains of industry have major responsibilities. We depend on them.
6. The industries produce the products. We criticize the industries. We buy the products.
Exercise 4 Expand the following subordinate clauses in italics. The first one has been done for you.
1. Japanese tax laws allow companies to delay reporting income arising from insurance claims .
2. The 40 per cent is tax deductible, suggesting that the provision was made simply to take advantage of this tax concession .
3. The discount on bonds issued during the year was written off to profits.
4. JAL is not alone in posing difficult questions for anyone hoping to arrive at its true profits .
5. That is bound to arouse antagonism on all sides, presenting the IASC with the difficult task… .
6. A glance at the value of airline fleets shown in different company accounts points to one fundamental difficulty...
7. The different mix of aircraft operated by different airlines surely does not account for such difficulties.
8. Different countries have different tests for determining what should be recorded, making it still more difficult to compare airlines .
Exercise 5 Complete the sentences with the correct or most appropriate relative pronoun. Give alternatives if possible. Use “-“ to indicate zero relative pronoun.
1. The machine produced this printout has been withdrawn.
2. The INJ300, produced reasonable copy quality, has been replaced by theINJ40.
3. Pat Smith, heads the Administration Department, will meet you on your next visit.
4. The only person can give you the information is out of the office at the moment.
5. Last year we sold the site we started up our company.
6. I'm afraid we can't relax our payment terms at a time others are tightening theirs.
7. I have read the reasons the delivery was delayed but I find them hard to believe.
8. The reason we are so disappointed is that we had always relied on your prompt service.
9. We have rejected all the offers we have received.
10. We have tried everything we could.
Exercise 6 Write two sentences as one, using a non-defining relative clause beginning with all, both, each, etc., + of which or of whom.
1. The film is about the lives of three women, Kate Dillon plays all the women.
The/film is about the lives of three women, all of whom are played by Kate Dillon.
2. The island's two million inhabitants have been badly affected by the drought. Most of the island's inhabitants are peasant farmers.
3. She has two older brothers. Neither of her brothers went to university.
4. About 30 of her friends and relations came to the airport to welcome her back. Many of her friends and relations had travelled long distances.
5. The minister has recently visited Estonia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. They all have large Russian minorities.
6. The fish are multi-coloured. The biggest of the fish is only 2 cm long.
7. Scotland has won their last five international matches. One of these matches was against England.
Exercise 7 Decide which of the underlined phrases is correct in these sentences and add an appropriate preposition in the space.
1. I might fail the test, in which case I'd probably re-sit it next year.
2. A bull charged towards the car, which time which point I drove away quickly.
3. I didn't finish work until 10 o'clock, which time which case everyone had already gone home.
4. The meeting might go on for three or four hours, which time which case I'll be late home from work.
5. Sam started to tell one of his terrible old jokes, which point which case I decided that I should go home.
6. I hadn't seen Jane for nearly ten years, which point which time I had got married and had two children.
Компьютерный дизайн и программирование: Е.В. Кабакова, A.C.Носиков
